Par l’armée, pour l’armée: Les comités militaires de la monarchie constitutionnelle. Entre exigences politiques et contraintes techniques (1789-1792)
By the army, for the army: Military committees of the constitutional monarchy. Between political requirements and technical constraints (1789-1792)
Abstract
Rien de plus classique que d’écrire à propos de la politique militaire de la Révolution. Pourtant, rien n’est moins connus que les institutions parlementaires, qui sont les protagonistes et les acteurs principaux de cette évolution: les premiers comités militaires des Assemblées Nationales. Un vide historiographique que cet article se propose de combler par le biais d’une analyse comparée de leurs travaux pendant la Constituante et de la Législative. Cet écrit au final aboutit à une remise en cause d’interprétation classique, en montrant que, loin d’être un simple instrument au service de l’Assemblée, les comités s’affranchissent progressivement de son contrôle en définissant leur œuvre dans une tension permanente entre exigences techniques et critères politiques.
Nothing is more classic than writing about the military policy of the Revolution. But nothing is less known than the parliamentary institutions, which are the protagonists and the main players in this evolution: the first military committees of National Assemblies. This article intends to fill this historiographical gap through a comparative analysis of their work during the Constituent and Legislative Analysis. Finally, this writing leads to a questioning of traditional interpretations, showing that, far from being a mere instrument of the Assembly, the committees gradually free themselves from its control, defining their work in a permanent tension between technical requirements and political criteria.
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